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RESIDENCY REFLECTIONS

Prior Authorization's AI Arms Race: A Resident's View

I didn't go to residency to argue with algorithms. But here I am.

Right now, somewhere in this country, an insurance company's AI is reviewing a prior authorization request. And somewhere else, a health system's AI is writing an appeal letter. They're fighting each other at the speed of software while a patient waits to see their pulmonologist.

This is the future we're building, and I'm not sure it's progress.

Here’s my experience with prior authorization in residency.

  • I get paged at 2 AM while on call for clinic because a patient needs an MRI but insurance denied it (this actually happened—I don’t know why the patient waited until 2 AM to call).

  • A discharge is delayed because I can't get home oxygen approved.

  • A patient no-shows to clinic because their prior authorization took three weeks.

  • 30 minutes is spent writing a letter of medical necessity for a medication I know the patient needs, using language designed to satisfy an insurance reviewer I’ll never meet.

This is part of residency training in 2025. There's no formal curriculum for it, but every resident learns the drill.

When I first heard about AI automating prior authorization, I felt hope. Maybe AI could handle all this paperwork for us, writing appeal letters faster.

But if insurers are also using AI, won't they just deny things faster?

So AI isn’t really fixing the PA problem. It’s just automating the war: physicians using AI to write PA and appeal letters. Insurers using AI to deny PA and appeal letters.

Prior authorization exists because of misaligned incentives. Payers want to control costs. Providers want to deliver care. AI doesn't fix the misalignment—it just makes the broken process faster. We're headed toward escalation: better AI denials will be met with better AI appeals. The volume will increase. The speed will increase. And patients will still be stuck waiting.

AI could be liberating. It could eliminate barriers, reduce administrative waste, give us more time with patients. But that's not what's being built. What's being built is an arms race to deny faster and appeal faster. More automation of a broken system that shouldn't exist in its current form.

The real innovation wouldn't be better AI for prior authorization. It would be eliminating unnecessary prior authorization entirely. We should be asking: What would healthcare look like if we used AI to remove barriers instead of just processing them faster?

As providers, we're on the front lines of this broken system. We see how it affects patients and we feel the burden of navigating it.

I want AI to give me more time with patients, not more time arguing with insurance—even if the arguing is automated. I didn't go into medicine to watch algorithms fight each other!

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